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The issue of juvenile criminal justice
Vančurová, Lenka ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
of the thesis This thesis describes some of the problems that criminal law and criminal justice over children and teens has to challenge. All the problems come from the fact that childhood and adolescence are special periods of time with characteristics that are very different from those of adulthood. Among the other ones, the susceptibility is especially accented, pointing out that children and teens rather easily, in contrast to adults, fall for criminal career. Criminal law generally does not offer applicable rules for concerned age groups due to the fact that legislator is aware of the issue as well as the necessity of a special legislation for juvenils only. In the first chapter, there is a basic description of problems. One of the main problems criminal law and justice over youth have is a need for special responsibility conditions, as general law is too severe towards youth. Second problem is the problem of labelling (or stigmatization) that occurs frequently as a consequence of a criminal action. Another thing is that family often fails its nurturant duty to children and teens. Then the government must assume responsibility for education and care of them. The challenge here is - how much respect to family should be taken before intervention is necessary and of what intensity can the...
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Confidence in criminal justice and compliance in the Czech Republic
Homolová, Pavla ; Buriánek, Jiří (advisor) ; Podaná, Zuzana (referee)
The thesis is aimed at normative and instrumental aspects of compliance with the law and cooperation with the criminal justice system in the Czech society, namely trust in the police and criminal courts and their perceived legitimacy, personal morality and perceived risk of sanctions. Its purpose was to empirically verify the revised Tyler's procedural justice model of compliance as suggested by Jackson et al. (2011) within the Czech context. A review of literature on the topic implied potential constraints to validity of the model in the Czech society, mainly in respect to low levels of trust and legitimacy of the police and courts. Nevertheless, the empirical analysis based on structural equation modelling with use of two representative datasets (ESS Round 5 2010, Bezpečnostní rizika 1999) indicates trust in police procedural fairness to be - in contrast to fear of sanctions - a strong factor in predicting compliance. The obligation to obey the law shaped mainly by trust in procedural fairness and personal morality appear to be comparatively the most important predictors of compliance in the Czech Republic. The model was not significant in case of courts nor for the 1999 dataset, probably due to poor internal consistency of some constructs. Keywords confidence, legitimacy, criminal justice, compliance
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The issue of juvenile criminal justice
Štemberková, Petra ; Tlapák Navrátilová, Jana (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
THE ISSUE OF JUVENILE CRIMINAL JUSTICE Key words: criminal justice, youth, criminality, the age of criminal responsibility This diploma thesis presents the summary of the most discussed problems and disagreements of the juvenile criminal justice. The main in this are children and juveniles in their specific evolution which needs protection and attention from the specialized public. This thesis includes the reactions of judges, prosecutors and officers of Probation and Mediation service and the specification of the problems they have in the practice. There are also included the opinions of the children and juveniles to the issue of the criminal justice which could possibly relate to them. There are six capitols where I summarize at first the development of the criminality, with attention to the causes and possible solutions for decrease. At the other point there is a brief historical overview of development of the juvenile criminal justice in the world and in czech countries. Further I focused on contemporary legal regulation which is presented by Law no. 218/2003 Coll. of juvenile justice. I tried to evaluate the law, analyze the purpose and all the changes both substantive and procedural which the law brought to the czech legal system and I could summarize that it is a modern and succesful act...
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Confidence in criminal justice and compliance in the Czech Republic
Homolová, Pavla ; Buriánek, Jiří (advisor) ; Podaná, Zuzana (referee)
The thesis is aimed at normative and instrumental aspects of compliance with the law and cooperation with the criminal justice system in the Czech society, namely trust in the police and criminal courts and their perceived legitimacy, personal morality and perceived risk of sanctions. Its purpose was to empirically verify the revised Tyler's procedural justice model of compliance as suggested by Jackson et al. (2011) within the Czech context. A review of literature on the topic implied potential constraints to validity of the model in the Czech society, mainly in respect to low levels of trust and legitimacy of the police and courts. Nevertheless, the empirical analysis based on structural equation modelling with use of two representative datasets (ESS Round 5 2010, Bezpečnostní rizika 1999) indicates trust in police procedural fairness to be - in contrast to fear of sanctions - a strong factor in predicting compliance. The obligation to obey the law shaped mainly by trust in procedural fairness and personal morality appear to be comparatively the most important predictors of compliance in the Czech Republic. The model was not significant in case of courts nor for the 1999 dataset, probably due to poor internal consistency of some constructs. Keywords confidence, legitimacy, criminal justice, compliance
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The issue of juvenile criminal justice
Vančurová, Lenka ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
of the thesis This thesis describes some of the problems that criminal law and criminal justice over children and teens has to challenge. All the problems come from the fact that childhood and adolescence are special periods of time with characteristics that are very different from those of adulthood. Among the other ones, the susceptibility is especially accented, pointing out that children and teens rather easily, in contrast to adults, fall for criminal career. Criminal law generally does not offer applicable rules for concerned age groups due to the fact that legislator is aware of the issue as well as the necessity of a special legislation for juvenils only. In the first chapter, there is a basic description of problems. One of the main problems criminal law and justice over youth have is a need for special responsibility conditions, as general law is too severe towards youth. Second problem is the problem of labelling (or stigmatization) that occurs frequently as a consequence of a criminal action. Another thing is that family often fails its nurturant duty to children and teens. Then the government must assume responsibility for education and care of them. The challenge here is - how much respect to family should be taken before intervention is necessary and of what intensity can the...
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